Esperanza Palma was born in Mexico City and holds a PhD in political science from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. She is a full-time professor in the Department of Sociology at the Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM-Azcapotzalco) in Mexico City. Her research interests include the role of opposition parties in processes of democratic erosion and the development of parity democracy in Latin America, with a focus on both the progress and paradoxes of women's political representation. She currently serves as the academic editor of the journal Sociológica and is a member of the National Board of the Mexican Political Science Association (AMECIP).